Testicular cancer is a significant health condition worldwide. While it is relatively rare compared to other cancers, the incidence has been rising over the last few decades. Young men aged 15–35 are statistically more vulnerable to it. This cancer develops in the testicles, the reproductive glands inside the scrotum. Early detection makes treatment significantly more effective. Men should check their testicles regularly for abnormal changes or bumps. If you feel any irregularity, see a doctor right away.

With the right information, better health management, and proper medical attention, this condition is highly treatable. Understanding the warning signs is the first step. Let us understand this in detail. Identifying testicular cancer symptoms at an early stage can significantly help in treatment.

Common Testicular Cancer Symptoms

Here are some common signs and symptoms that may help you identify the issue early on:

1. Painless Lump or Swelling in the Testicle

The size of a lump can range from that of a pea to that of a marble and may vary or increase over time. Most men don't feel pain from the lump, but some might experience discomfort. The mass is typically found on one testicle. It is important to check both testicles for any abnormalities. When touched, a lump usually feels hard or firm.

If you notice any lumps or changes in how your testicles look or feel, it is important to see a doctor. They may use an ultrasound to examine the lump more closely.

2. Pain or Discomfort

Men may experience pain or discomfort in their testicles or scrotum, which is a common symptom of testicular cancer. The pain varies from person to person, ranging from mild discomfort to a piercing sensation that can cause significant problems. Like other types of pain, its intensity often fluctuates. In severe cases, the pain may persist and not go away. This symptom is common in testicular cancer patients. Doctors note that the pain usually occurs in just one testicle but can sometimes spread to the lower abdomen and groin area.

It is crucial to seek medical attention if the pain persists. However, not all testicular pain indicates cancer, so it is important to stay calm in such situations.

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3. Changes in Testicle Size or Texture

If someone has testicular cancer, it's important to monitor the testicles' size and shape. One testicle might get much bigger or smaller than the other. You may also notice a testicle that feels more irregular or has developed a noticeable bump or asymmetry. Another way to notice a change is by checking its consistency. A testicle that feels harder or softer than usual.

Again, in this case, the doctor may ask you for an ultrasound to check for other changes and for further diagnosis and treatment.

4. Fluid Gathering in the Scrotum (Hydrocele)

A hydrocele swells the sack around your balls when liquid gets stuck in the thin cover around your testicle. This can happen before a baby is born. The balls drop from a baby's belly into the sack. Liquid can build up for lots of reasons, including:

• Injury or trauma to the scrotum.
• Infections like epididymitis can make things swell and fill with liquid.
• Testicular tumors causing reactive fluid buildup. While hydroceles are often benign, sudden swelling requires immediate evaluation to rule out underlying causes like cancer.

Immediately seek medical attention if you feel any visible swelling.

Less Common Testicular Cancer Symptoms

Testicular cancer can show up in unexpected ways if the cancer spreads (metastasizes). Here's a look at some less-known signs:

1. Lower Belly or Groin Pain

Tumours in the testicles can cause swelling and pain. The brain receives pain signals from the testicles and often interprets them as coming from the lower abdomen or groin area.

Sometimes, cancer cells from the testicles spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen, leading to an achy back or dull pain in the lower stomach. Doctors refer to these lymph nodes as "retroperitoneal."

2. Breast Enlargement or Tenderness (Gynecomastia)

Patients with testicular tumours may develop gynecomastia (swelling of breast tissue). In the early stages of a testicular tumour with a non-palpable mass, gynecomastia may be the initial symptom of endocrine cancer.

Many testicular tumours produce hormones that are detectable in blood tests. These hormones can cause men with testicular cancer to experience painful or enlarged breasts.

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3. Back pain

Even if testicular cancer has progressed to other parts of the body, many men may not have symptoms immediately. However, some people might have some of the following: Low back pain is caused by cancer that has progressed to the lymph nodes (bean-sized collections of immune cells) in the rear of the abdomen.

It is the best decision to seek medical attention if you have severe and continuous back pain.

Know more about - Basics of Back Pain: Reasons You Should be Aware.

Testicular Cancer Symptoms in Advanced Cases

These are the following testicular cancer symptoms in advanced cases:

1. Trouble breathing or coughing

Advanced testicular cancer spreads beyond the original spot. This happens when cancer cells travel through the blood or lymph to other body parts. The lungs are the most common site for distant metastasis. Cancer nodules in the lungs can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, or coughing up blood (hemoptysis). This serious condition needs quick treatment to prevent severe outcomes.

2. Tiredness or Malaise

There are many reasons why testicular cancer can cause fatigue:

• Cancer makes people tired because of how the body fights it.
• Treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy also make people tired.
• The stress of finding out you have cancer and getting treatment can make you even more exhausted. People with cancer need to keep their spirits up to battle the disease and get strong again, both in body and mind.

Read more about - Understanding Breathing Difficulty: Common Symptoms & Causes and Chest Pain: Its Major Reasons & Preventive Lifestyle Changes.

3. Puffy Legs (Edema)

Sometimes, if the situation advances, people might notice their legs or scrotum getting swollen. This happens when the cancer makes lymph nodes in the belly area swell up so much that they block blood and fluid from flowing back from the legs. All that extra fluid builds up and causes puffiness (edema) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Learn more about - Common Reasons for Leg Swelling You Should Know and Understand Leg Pain and Know Its Major Reasons.

When to See a Doctor?

You should visit a doctor if you notice any unusual changes in your testicles, such as finding a lump, experiencing swelling, or feeling frequent pain. It's also important to check if your scrotum feels heavy or filled with fluid. Don't ignore it if one testicle changes size or shape or if you have ongoing pain in your lower abdomen or groin area. Additionally, see a doctor if you're constantly tired or just feeling off; rest doesn't help. Early detection of testicular cancer makes treatment much easier and more effective. So, it's always wise to play it safe and consult a doctor if something seems amiss.

Conclusion

Testicular cancer can be a dangerous ailment, but it is curable, especially if detected early. Check for early signs and symptoms, such as lumps, swelling, pain, changes in testicle size or form, rapid fluid buildup in the scrotum, or persistent lethargy. Regular self-examination and attention to your body's feelings can help you discover any changes in the early stages.

Contact your doctor immediately if you see anything strange or have persistent symptoms. If your testicles worry you, see a doctor right away. Taking care of yourself means getting medical help when you need it. Your health matters a lot.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. At what age does testicular cancer occur?

Testicular cancer most commonly occurs in men between the ages of 15 and 35. However, it can affect males of any age.

2. Does testicular cancer spread quickly?

It can take years for testicular cancer to spread to other organs. Most testicular cancers metastasise during the first two years.

3. Can testicular cancer be prevented?

There is no method to prevent testicular cancer. If you develop testicular cancer, there is little you can do to avoid it.

4. What are the treatment options for testicular cancer?

These are the treatments available for testicular cancer:

• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Surgery

5. How often should men perform testicular self-exams?

Testicular self-examination takes only a minute. Aim to do TSE once every four weeks or so. Choose a memorable day, such as the first of each month.

6. Are there any long-term effects of testicular cancer treatment?

• Impacts on the heart and blood vessels.
• Risk of other cancers
• Low testosterone levels.
• Changes in sexual and intimate relationships.
• Effects on fertility.
• Effects on body image.

7. Are there any lifestyle factors that increase the risk of testicular cancer?

According to a few studies, there was an increased incidence of testicular cancer in males whose diets were high in fat, red meat, and dairy items but low in fruits and vegetables. However, most specialists believe that changing one's lifestyle will not prevent testicular cancer.

8. Can testicular cancer cause erectile dysfunction?

After testicular cancer treatment, 12%–40% of patients may experience erectile dysfunction due to hormonal imbalances such as decreased testosterone, orchidectomy, or retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

9. Are there any dietary recommendations for preventing testicular cancer?

There is no evidence-based diet to treat testicular cancer. Instead, focus on overall good nutrition, eating healthy meals and snacks to receive the necessary nutrients. Include all food types, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and protein, to acquire the most cancer-fighting elements.

Read more about - 15 Foods That Can Help Fight Cancer.

10. Who treats testicular cancer?

Often, a team of doctors, including a urologist, oncologist, and radiation oncologist, would collaborate to devise the optimum treatment plan for each patient.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for educational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Consult an oncologist for diagnosis and treatment.