Radical Nephrectomy Surgery in Delhi, India
Overview
Radical nephrectomy is a surgical procedure in which the entire kidney is removed, sometimes along with other parts like the adrenal gland, lymph nodes, and surrounding fatty areas around the kidney. If a person is healthy, they can function normally with one kidney.
This procedure is performed for certain conditions that include kidney cancer, damaged kidney because of infection or trauma, and in the case of kidney transplant for donation.
Alternative Name of Radical Nephrectomy Surgery
Kidney cancer surgery
Body Location
Kidneys, adrenal glands, and surrounding tissues
Radical Nephrectomy Procedure Type
Surgical procedure
Preparation Before the Radical Nephrectomy Surgery
Before proceeding towards surgery, certain tests are performed to evaluate the patient’s health and wellbeing. The choice of surgery, whether laparoscopic or open, depends on the size of the lesion to be removed. The doctor also briefs the patients about what to do and avoid before undergoing surgery and certain tests that include:
- Routine tests: Blood profile (complete blood count, prothrombin tests, blood group, etc.), liver and kidney function tests.
- Urine analysis: Urine tests like urea, uric acid, creatinine tests.
- Medications: The patients are asked to stop blood-thinning medications 7-10 hours before the procedure.
- Preoperative testing: Clearance from the heart and medicine department, which involves taking chest X-rays, ECG, and blood tests, should be taken before proceeding towards the surgery to prevent any complication.
- Diet: The patient should have an empty stomach on the day of surgery. Usually, overnight fasting is recommended.
How is Radical Nephrectomy Surgery Performed?
Radical nephrectomy surgery performed following type
- Robotic
- Laparoscopic
- open
Radical nephrectomy can be performed in two ways under general anesthesia. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure in which a surgeon makes small holes and inserts a small camera (laparoscope) to get a look inside the lesion and perform the surgery using surgical tools attached to the laparoscope. The incision or cut can be slightly big if more tissues are to be removed.
Laparoscopic surgery can also be performed via robot assistance, in which the robotic system performs the surgery under the surgeon’s control. On the other hand, in open surgery, an incision is made on the abdomen, and surgery is performed. Open surgery is performed in cases where lesion removal is not possible by the laparoscopic procedure, especially where the whole kidney is removed along with its associated structures.
Follow-up After Radical Nephrectomy Surgery
After the surgical procedure, a catheter is inserted into the bladder to pass the urine. The patient is asked for a follow-up by the surgeon between 3-7 days of the surgery. The physical examination of the wound and some clinical tests like blood pressure, urine filtration, protein analysis of urine, etc., are performed to check normal kidney function. The catheter is also checked, and some medications are advised to prevent infections and aid in the recovery process.
Recovery After Radical Nephrectomy Surgery
The recovery after a radical nephrectomy usually takes 6-12 weeks, which also depends on the individual’s overall general health. The catheter is usually kept for some time after the surgery and is checked by the surgeon on every follow-up visit. The healthcare provider may recommend certain dietary changes and after some follow-up visits, may suggest the patient go for a walk in order to return to normal functions. The blood pressure and kidney functions are closely monitored over the years to keep the patient in the best optimal condition.
Risks Associated With Radical Nephrectomy Surgery
The risk associated with a radical nephrectomy is the same as with any other surgical procedure which may involve:
- Post-surgical infection: It is common after any surgical procedure and can be avoided by taking appropriate care of the wound and antibiotics.
- Post-surgical bleeding: It is another common issue after any surgery that can happen if there is a tear or friction over the wound.
- In the case of a transplant, if there is some existing infection in the kidney, the transplantation may fail.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the different surgical approaches for Radical Nephrectomy?
The different surgical approaches include:
- Open Surgery: A large incision is made in the abdomen or side to remove the kidney.
- Laparoscopic Surgery: Several small incisions are made, and a thin tube with a camera and surgical tools is inserted to remove the kidney.
- Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Similar to laparoscopic surgery, but with the assistance of a robotic system controlled by the surgeon.
2. Will I experience pain after the surgery? How can it be managed?
Yes, It is common to experience pain after Radical Nephrectomy. Pain management techniques include the use of pain medications prescribed by the healthcare team, such as oral pain relievers or intravenous analgesics. They will provide instructions on how to manage pain effectively during the recovery period.
3. Will Radical Nephrectomy affect my kidney function?
Radical Nephrectomy involves the removal of one kidney, but the remaining kidney can still function adequately to maintain overall kidney function. However, regular follow-up visits and monitoring of kidney function are important to ensure its continued health.
4. Can I live a normal life with only one kidney?
Yes, it is possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. The remaining kidney compensates for the removed kidney's function and can adequately perform necessary filtration and waste elimination. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid factors that may put stress on the remaining kidney, such as excessive alcohol consumption or certain medications.
5. Are there any dietary restrictions or lifestyle changes after Radical Nephrectomy?
There may not be specific dietary restrictions after Radical Nephrectomy. However, it is generally recommended to maintain a balanced and nutritious diet to support overall health and well-being. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized dietary recommendations based on individual needs.
6. How long does it take for the surgical incisions to heal?
The healing time for surgical incisions after Radical Nephrectomy varies from person to person. Generally, it takes a few weeks to a couple of months for the incisions to heal completely. The healthcare expert will provide instructions on wound care and follow-up visits to monitor the healing progress.
7. Can I participate in physical activities or exercise after Radical Nephrectomy?
Participation in physical activities or exercise after Radical Nephrectomy depends on individual factors and the specific guidance provided by the healthcare team. It is important to gradually resume physical activities, following any recommended restrictions or modifications.
8. Are there any alternatives to Radical Nephrectomy for my condition?
Depending on the condition, there may be alternative treatments to Radical Nephrectomy. These alternatives can vary and may include minimally invasive procedures, targeted therapies, or other targeted treatment modalities. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss about the alternatives treatment for you condition.