Centre For Chest & Respiratory Diseases

The Clinical Pulmonology Unit offers its patients diagnosis and treatment of lung (pulmonary) and sleep disorders, using state-of-the-art technology supported by a team of expert pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine specialists. Our highly experienced experts offer the best treatment solutions to the most serious and complex medical challenges related to pulmonary conditions that can affect the lungs and breathing which in turn disrupts the quality of life. Which Conditions are Treated Under the Clinical Pulmonology Unit at BLK-Max? Pulmonologists at BLK-Max treat a wide range of lung diseases including: Asthma Bronchial Asthma Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema Occupational Lung Disease Asbestosis Byssinosis (Brown Lung Disease) Farmer’s Lung Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Silicosis Cystic Fibrosis Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) Lung Cancer Pleural Effusion Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary Hypertension Rheumatoid Lung Disease Sarcoidosis Sleep Apnea Tension Pneumothorax Tuberculosis (TB) Who is a Right Candidate for Clinical Pulmonology? A person might have to undergo treatment for pulmonary diseases if he/she encounters symptoms that are listed below at various stages. Early symptoms Occasional shortness of breath (often after exercise) Recurrent cough (maybe mild) Need to clear your throat more often Symptoms getting progressively worse If the damage to the lungs is not controlled, a person might experience: Shortness of breath Wheezing (a higher pitched noisy breathing during exhalations) Chest tightness Chronic cough (with or without mucus) Need to clear mucus (every day) Frequent colds/flu Lack of energy In later stages of COPD, symptoms may also include Fatigue Weight loss Swelling of the feet, ankles or legs Immediate medical care is required if following symptoms are experienced Grey or bluish fingernails or lips (due to low oxygen levels in your blood) Trouble catching breath Not able to talk Dizziness / Light-headedness High heartbeat What are Different Types of Treatment Procedures Under the Clinical Pulmonology Unit? The treatment for chest and respiratory diseases may vary from a mild medication to advanced level of surgery. A doctor will examine the patient and will evaluate the treatment according to his current medical condition. The treatment procedure involves: Medication A doctor might prescribe a medicine that can help relax the muscles of the airways by widening it and helping the patient breath easily. These types of medicines are generally taken with the help of an inhaler or a nebulizer. Some of the most common medicines prescribed are: Bronchodilators Inhaled steroids Combination inhalers Oral steroids Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors Theophylline Antibiotics Oxygen Therapy This therapy is used to provide supplemental oxygen into the lungs when there is no oxygen in the blood. This therapy is very helpful in maintaining a balance of oxygen in the body and improving the quality of life. For a patient with moderate or severe COPD or other respiratory conditions, the doctor may often recommend this therapy in addition to medication. Invasive And Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the provision of ventilatory support through the patient's upper airway using a mask or similar device whereas invasive ventilation refers to the positive ventilation applied via an endotracheal or tracheotomy tube. Surgery Surgery is an option for people with a very severe form of illness like emphysema. Surgical options include: Lung Volume Reduction Surgery: The surgery is performed to remove small wedges of damaged lung tissue from the upper lungs, thereby creating extra space in the chest cavity for the expansion of healthy tissues. This helps the diaphragm to work more efficiently and prolongs survival. Bullectomy: The surgery is performed to remove the large air spaces (bullae) which form in the lungs when the walls of the air sacs are destroyed. These bullae can increase in size and lead to breathing problems. Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme A programme that helps the patient improve the quality of life and is tailored according to the needs of the patient. A combined approach of education, exercise, training, nutrition advice and counselling is provided to the patient according to their medical condition. Are there any complications involved with clinical pulmonological procedures? Some of the major risk factors associated with Clinical Pulmonological procedures include: Excessive bleeding Infection at the site of the incision Injury to adjacent organs Blood clots Fevers or chills Adverse reactions to anaesthesia Organ rejection The patient has to take immune-suppressing medications lifelong Frequently Asked Questions 1. Are there minimally invasive or robotic-assisted procedures available for pulmonary diseases in Delhi? Yes, Delhi has hospitals that offer minimally invasive or robotic-assisted procedures for certain pulmonary diseases. Procedures such as bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) are available in select hospitals, offering patients less invasive treatment options with faster recovery times. 2. How can I find the best pulmonology treatment in Delhi? To find the best pulmonology treatment in Delhi, you can start by researching renowned hospitals and pulmonologists in the city. Consider factors such as their expertise, experience, patient reviews, infrastructure, and availability of advanced diagnostic and treatment facilities. Seeking recommendations from primary care physicians or trusted healthcare professionals can also be helpful. 3. What is the cost of pulmonology treatment in Delhi? The cost of pulmonology treatment in Delhi can vary depending on the specific condition, the hospital, the required diagnostic tests and procedures, medications, and the duration of hospital stay, among other factors. It is advisable to consult with the hospital or healthcare provider for accurate cost information based on the individual case. 4. Can I receive telemedicine or online consultations for pulmonary conditions in Delhi? Yes, telemedicine or online consultations for pulmonary conditions are available in Delhi. With the advancement of technology, many healthcare providers offer virtual consultations, allowing patients to connect with pulmonologists remotely. 5. Can pulmonary diseases be prevented through vaccination in Delhi? Yes, certain pulmonary diseases can be prevented or reduced through vaccination. Vaccinations for diseases like influenza (flu) and pneumonia are recommended, especially for individuals with underlying respiratory conditions or those at higher risk. 6. Can lung cancer screening be performed in Delhi? Yes, lung cancer screening can be performed in Delhi. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans are commonly used for early detection and screening of lung cancer in individuals at high risk, such as smokers or those with a family history. Specialized centers offer these screenings to detect lung cancer at an early stage. 7. Can interventional pulmonology procedures be performed in Delhi? Yes, interventional pulmonology procedures are available in Delhi. These minimally invasive procedures aim to diagnose and treat various lung conditions, such as bronchoscopy, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), pleural procedures, and airway stenting. Specialized centers offer interventional pulmonology services for precise diagnosis and targeted treatment.

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The Asthma & Allergy Unit is a part of Centre for Chest & Respiratory Diseases at BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital. It is at the forefront of treating various complicated conditions related to Asthma and Allergy. The Unit has a team of pulmonologist specialists who are experts in evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and long term management of various diseases related to the lungs, including Asthma, shortness of breath, etc. The Unit follows a multidisciplinary treatment approach that ranges from environmental controls to immunotherapy and offers world-class comprehensive care to patients of all age groups in patient-friendly surroundings using state-of-the-art treatment facilities. Frequently Asked Questions 1. How common is allergic asthma? Allergic asthma is quite common, affecting approximately 50-70% of people with asthma. 2. Will I have allergic asthma for my entire life? Allergic asthma may persist throughout life. 3. Can allergic asthma be cured? Allergic asthma cannot be cured, but it can be managed effectively with treatment and lifestyle changes. 4. Can an inhaler help with allergies? Inhalers are primarily used to treat asthma symptoms, not allergies. However, some inhalers may help manage allergy-related asthma symptoms by reducing inflammation in the airways. 5. What age is allergic asthma? Allergic asthma can develop at any age, but it often starts in childhood.

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The Interventional Pulmonology Unit at BLK-Max Centre for Chest & Respiratory diseases offers advanced, minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment options for various disorders related to thoracic and pulmonary diseases. The experts at the Unit provide comprehensive care for airway diseases, lung cancer and pleural effusions, and an advanced treatment approach for benign lung diseases like emphysema and asthma. Considered as a new field of pulmonary medicine, Interventional Pulmonology focuses on the use of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to treat patients with various disorders related to lungs, airway and pleural diseases. The Interventional Pulmonologists work closely with a multidisciplinary team, including thoracic surgeons, cancer specialists and pathologists to develop an individualised treatment plan for each patient by evaluating their current medical condition.

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The Sleep Disorder Unit at BLK-Max is a part of the Centre for Chest & Respiratory Diseases. It aims to provide proficient, convenient and comprehensive sleep health treatment to meet the needs of every patient under its care. The team of professional experts offer the most comprehensive range of inpatient and outpatient services for evaluation, treatment and education of patients with sleep disorders. The Unit runs a dedicated Snoring and Sleep Apnoea Clinic that offers treatment options as well as counselling for patients with sleeping disorders. Which Conditions are Treated Under The Sleep Disorder Unit at BLK-Max? Some of the major conditions that are treated under the Sleep Disorder Unit include: Insomnia Narcolepsy Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Sleep Deprivation Sleepwalking (Parasomnia) Sleep Disordered Breathing and Snoring Sleep Movement Disorders Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (Circadian rhythm sleep disorders) Excessive Sleepiness Idiopathic Hypersomnia (Daytime sleepiness) Who is a Right Candidate for Sleep Disorder Treatment? Patients who experience sleep disorder or any one of the conditions below are the right candidate for the treatment. Snoring Excessive sleepiness during the day Morning headaches Not waking up fresh Suspected fits at night Unspecified sleep problems Difficulty initiating sleep or staying asleep Sleep Apnoea The uncontrollable urge to sleep (associated with vivid dreams, muscle weakness, etc.) Abnormal limb movements during sleep (most often kicking off the lower legs or feet) Abnormal behavior during sleep (flailing limbs, yelling, large movement, etc.) Memory or concentration difficulties during the day Diagnosed with congestive heart failure Sleep pattern problems (such as shift work disorder or regular overseas travel) What is The Process for Sleep Study? The patient has to go through a pre-procedure evaluation including consultation with ENT to ascertain any local pathology. The Sleep Study is performed in two stages- the first stage is diagnostic which involves confirmation of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in the patient. Subsequent to confirmation of OSA in patient, the second stageis planned wherein titration is performed with CPAP / BiPAP. This helps in identifying whether patient will be benefitted with CPAP / BiPAP and what pressure setting is required to get optimum results. Detailed report of the sleep study is furnished after 24 hours of sleep study. Instructions for Sleep Study Diagnostic Polysomnography is done to diagnose sleep disorder breathing like Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Central Apnoea, RERA etc. Titration study with CPAP / BiPAP is done in patients who are diagnosed with sleep disorder Split night study i.e. PSG with CPAP titration may be done depending on the history and the certainty of particular diagnosis Patient should come for the study after taking dinner, routine medications except sleeping pills or any form of sedatives / anti allergic medications. Patient should bring night clothes in which he / she is comfortable during sleep study Patient will be received by the technician whose number will be provided before the study No attendant will be allowed to stay in sleep lab during sleep study. Male patient should shave his beard on the day of sleep study. Avoid usage of cream or lubrication on face. Headgear such as turban / pagdi have to be removed before the sleep study Hair should be washed with shampoo and no hair oil should be applied on the day of sleep study Patient will be relieved in the morning after completion of study Report can be collected after a day from the respiratory OPD What are The Various Procedures Involved in The Treatment of Sleep Disorders? Some of the major procedures used to treat sleep disorders include: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the most common universally effective treatment for sleep apnoea. The process involves the use of a CPAP pump to prevent repetitive upper airway collapse. It applies a continuous flow of air to the airway and creates an air cushion in the throat in order to ensure normal respiration. Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) - MSLT is also known as day nap study wherein tests are performed to assess daytime sleepiness. The test examines how quickly a patient falls asleep during daytime in a quiet environment. MSLT is the standard tool used to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy. Maintenance Of Wakefulness Testing (MWT) - The tests are done on a patient to determine the patient's ability to stay awake during the day. The tests indicate how well a patient is able to stay alert during daytime in a quiet environment. Overnight Diagnostic Polysomnogram (PSG) Or Sleep Study - It is one of the most common types of sleep studies. It records various data during the study which include: Brain waves Oxygen level in the blood Heart rate Breathing Eye and leg movements The test result is known as polysomnogram and is primarily used to diagnose sleep apnoea, parasomnia and other sleeping disorders. What are The Major Categories of Sleep Disorders? The major categories of sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias (such as sleepwalking and night terrors). How Much Sleep Do I Need? Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night for optimal health and functioning. What Happens If I Don’t Get Enough Sleep? Lack of sleep can lead to mood disturbances, impaired cognition, weakened immune system, and increased risk of health issues like heart disease and obesity. What Issues Will I Face If I Have a Sleep Disorder? If you have a sleep disorder, you can expect symptoms like difficulty falling or staying asleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, and potential health and quality of life issues. Treatment options are available to help manage these conditions.

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Rigid bronchoscopy is a typical procedure to diagnose and treat various disorders of the patient’s airway. This technique requires inpatient hospitalization and is done under general anesthesia. Pulmonologists or chest physicians use it to access the airway for inserting treatment instruments and cameras to diagnose cancers, infections, lymphomas, inflammatory conditions, etc. Rigid bronchoscopy is also used to treat airway obstruction, airway stenosis (narrowing), cancers, or removing foreign objects. Alternate Name of Rigid Bronchoscopy Interventional bronchoscopy Body Location Airway (trachea and bronchi) Rigid Bronchoscopy Procedure Type Minimally invasive Preparation for Rigid Bronchoscopy Procedure Before rigid bronchoscopy, your doctor may recommend certain blood tests and a pre-anesthesia check-up (PAC): a chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and a physical examination to assess your suitability for the procedure. To avoid complications during the surgery, you should eat light food the day before surgery and fast for at least 6-8 hours before the surgery. Inform your doctor about all your medications, and you could be asked to discontinue blood-thinning medications. You should reach the hospital 2-4 hours before the procedure as you will be kept under observation for some time. Remove your dentures, eyeglasses, hearing aids, etc., before the procedure. How is Rigid Bronchoscopy Procedure Performed? Rigid bronchoscopy is performed under sedatives and anesthesia to block the pain and sensation. The positioning of the patient should be supine with the head in intubation or sniffing position. The rigid bronchoscope, also known as open tube bronchoscope, is a rigid metal hollow tube used to provide air ventilation to the patient and access the airways. The bronchoscope has a video-assisted camera to help the doctor /surgeon take images of the airway and diagnose the problem. The treatment of various airway conditions such as obstruction, narrowing, etc., is carried out with the help of various advanced attachments to remove the dead or scar tissue, open the airways, etc. Follow Up After Rigid Bronchoscopy Follow-up is a very crucial step of the treatment. You should complete your follow-ups as per the schedule to avoid the risk of any complications. Depending on the use of bronchoscopy for diagnosis or treatment, you need to take appropriate care at home. If bronchoscopy has been used for diagnostic purposes, further course of treatment will depend upon the severity of the condition and your overall health. In addition, you should take proper rest as recommended by your doctor and do not overexert yourself. Contact your doctor if you experience excessive shortness of breath, chest pain, bleeding, or fever. Recovery After Rigid Bronchoscopy Depending on the diagnostic or treatment use, you will be transferred to the recovery room after a few hours. Once your vital signs have stabilized, you will be shifted to the hospital room/ward. You will be discharged from the hospital the same day or within a couple of days. The recovery from rigid bronchoscopy is quick, and you can start returning to your normal activities the same day or within a couple of days. As a precaution, avoid heavy-duty work for a few days that could stress your body. Take your medications, including painkillers and antibiotics, as prescribed. If you experience unexplained pain, or any other side effects, seek medical attention. Risks Associated with Rigid Bronchoscopy Although rigid bronchoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive procedure, it can cause temporary side effects that will subside in a few days. These could include the following: Infections: There are chances of developing various infections such as pneumonia or other bacterial infections and associated fever. Pneumothorax: Rigid bronchoscopy could cause lung collapse, although it is rare. Additionally, rigid bronchoscopy could lead to minor bleeding episodes, shortness of breath, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, etc. Frequently Asked Questions 1. What is the difference between a rigid and flexible bronchoscopy? A rigid bronchoscopy uses a rigid metal tube for examination and treatment, providing better control and access to the airways. In contrast, a flexible bronchoscopy uses a flexible fiberoptic tube for a less invasive approach. 2. What is the cost of bronchoscopy in Delhi? Bronchoscopy cost will depend on factors such as the hospital, the specific procedure performed, and any additional services or tests required. It's best to consult with a healthcare provider or contact hospitals for accurate and up-to-date cost details. 3. What is the success rate of rigid bronchoscopy? The success rate of rigid bronchoscopy depends on the specific procedure and the underlying condition being treated. It is typically considered a safe and effective procedure, and the success rate is generally high when performed by experienced healthcare professionals. 4. Can a rigid bronchoscopy be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes? Yes, a rigid bronchoscopy can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It allows direct visualization of the airway, facilitating procedures such as: Biopsy Foreign Body Removal Stent Placement Control of Bleeding Other interventions like tumour ablation, etc. 5. What are the advantages of a rigid bronchoscopy over other bronchoscopic procedures? Rigid bronchoscopy allows for better control and access to the airways, making it suitable for complex procedures and large lesions. It also provides a wider working channel for instrument insertion. 6. What is the alternative to a rigid bronchoscopy? The alternative to a rigid bronchoscopy is a flexible bronchoscopy, which is less invasive and uses a flexible tube.

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