Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) in Delhi, India

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is a surgical procedure that helps improve the blood flow of the heart. This procedure is used to treat heart diseases such as heart attack, silent myocardial ischemia, and angina pectoris which is mostly due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery bypass surgery is performed when the coronary arteries narrow, including the blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the muscles in the heart.

Alternate Name of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

It is also known as heart bypass surgery.

CABG Procedure Type

Surgical

Preparation for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Before a surgeon performs a coronary artery bypass surgery, they will conduct preparations including the following checkups:

• Tests: A doctor will recommend a few tests before the surgery, including blood tests, an electrocardiogram (EKG), chest X-ray and an echocardiogram.

• Diet, Physiotherapy And Medicines: Before heart surgery, a doctor will recommend a diet chart to follow or recommend what foods to avoid after coronary bypass surgery. In addition, they will add some medications before surgery. Physiotherapy for optimisation of pulmonary function may be advised

• Supplements: Sometimes, people take regular supplements which may increase risks during surgery. The doctor might eliminate the intake of some of these supplements.

• Hospital Admission: Depending upon the results of the tests conducted and the patient’s health condition, a patient might be admitted one day before surgery.

How is Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Performed?

A surgeon makes an incision on the chest (middle), and the rib cage of the patient is spread apart to expose the heart. There are chances that the surgeon might opt for minimally invasive surgery. This includes tiny cuts, special miniaturized equipment or a robotic process.

A heart-lung machine (cardiopulmonary bypass machine) keeps circulating oxygen or blood flow in the body during the surgery. Nowadays advanced and skillful surgeons can conduct the bypass surgery without the use of a heart lung machine, generally known as off-pump CABG.

In general, the surgeon draws a healthy blood vessel from the chest and leg to bypass the arteries blocked. The graft's end is connected beyond the blockage to provide blood to the heart.

At our institution we perform total arterial revasculaisation using bilateral chest vessels known as internal mammary arteries which provide better symptom relief (due to superior graft patency rates) along with overall survival benefit.

Follow Up After CABG Surgery

After the surgical procedure, the patient might feel pain at the incision site while breathing deeply or coughing. They will be monitored in the ICU for around two days. If the heart's blood and oxygen flow are good, they will then be shifted to the ward of the hospital.

Post-surgery, patients need to take care of their incision wounds and keep them away from water. The doctor will also suggest bed rest for a few weeks, for the patient to properly recover. Furthermore, patients are asked to avoid heavy-lifting for 4 weeks to 6 weeks after their surgery.

Risks of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

After coronary artery bypass surgery, there may be some possible risks, including:

• Bleeding: The patient may experience bleeding during or after surgery.

• Infection: If the wound is not cleaned or cared for properly, it may lead to an infection in the incision area.

• Breathing Difficulties: Patient should follow physiotherapy instructions to avoid difficulties related to breathing.

Recovery After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

There is no specified recovery time after heart bypass surgery. A doctor will prescribe medicines for reducing the pain.The antiplatelet drugs will help the patient recover well after surgery. However, if a patient is suffering from diabetes and liver or stomach problems, there might be some changes in prescription. A doctor might change medicines and suggest suitable medication plans for the patient.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the success rate of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Delhi?

The success rate of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Delhi is generally high. The overall success rate depends on various factors such as the patient's health condition, surgeon's expertise, and post-operative care of arterial bypass also helps in providing long term benefit of bypass to the patient .It is done only in some perfect centres.Also It is best to consult with a trusted healthcare provider for personalized information.

2. Will I need to make any lifestyle changes after the surgery?

Yes, adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle is crucial after CABG surgery. This includes maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, managing stress levels, quitting smoking, and following prescribed medications.

3. Will I still experience chest pain after the surgery?

In most cases, CABG surgery significantly reduces or eliminates chest pain caused by blocked arteries. However, it's important to note that individual experiences may vary, and it's best to discuss any concerns with your healthcare team.

4. How long will I be on medications after the surgery?

The duration of medication use after CABG surgery varies depending on individual factors. In general, patients may need to take medications such as blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and antiplatelet agents for lifelong.

5. Will I require cardiac rehabilitation after CABG surgery?

Yes, cardiac rehabilitation is highly recommended after CABG surgery. It involves supervised exercise, lifestyle counseling, and education to optimize recovery and improve long-term outcomes.It ensures speedy recovery.

6. How long do I need to follow up with my cardiologist after CABG surgery?

Regular follow-up visits with your cardiac surgeon are essential after CABG surgery. The frequency of these visits may vary, but typically, patients are advised to have check-ups every few months initially, and then less frequently as they progress in their recovery.

7. How can I prepare myself for CABG surgery in Delhi?

Preparing for CABG surgery involves following the instructions provided by your healthcare team, which may include medication adjustments, lifestyle modifications, and dietary restrictions. It's essential to communicate openly with your healthcare providers and address any concerns you may have.

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