Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Treatment in Delhi, India

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic autoimmune condition affecting both the skin and joints. It’s a type of inflammatory arthritis that often occurs in people with psoriasis, a skin disorder characterised by red, scaly patches. While not everyone with psoriasis develops psoriatic arthritis, around 30% of psoriasis patients may experience it. PsA can strike at any age, but it usually appears between 30 and 50 years old, with men and women affected equally.

If you’re living with psoriasis or joint pain, understanding psoriatic arthritis is key to managing your symptoms and maintaining quality of life. Let’s understand the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options in a straightforward and approachable way.

Types of Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis isn’t a one-size-fits-all condition. There are several types, each with unique characteristics:

• Symmetric Arthritis: Affects the same joints on both sides of the body, resembling rheumatoid arthritis.
• Asymmetric Arthritis: Involves joints on one side of the body, often milder.
• Distal Interphalangeal Predominant (DIP) Arthritis: Targets the small joints closest to the nails.
• Spondylitis: Involves the spine, causing back pain and stiffness.
• Arthritis Mutilans: A rare but severe form that can lead to joint deformities.

Symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis symptoms can vary widely, but some hallmark signs include:

• Joint Pain and Swelling: Commonly affecting fingers, toes, knees, and ankles, joint pain can range from mild to severe, often accompanied by swelling.
• Stiffness: Many people experience stiffness in their joints, especially in the mornings or after sitting still for a while.
• Fatigue: Chronic inflammation can drain your energy, making fatigue a frequent companion.
• Nail Changes: Pitted, ridged, or separating nails are common, and they’re often an early indicator of PsA.
• Skin Symptoms: Psoriasis plaques—red patches of skin with silvery scales—are a classic sign that may appear before or alongside joint issues.

Causes of Psoriatic Arthritis

The exact cause of psoriatic arthritis isn’t fully understood, but it’s believed to involve a combination of genetic, immune, and environmental factors:

• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of PsA or psoriasis increases the likelihood of developing it.
• Immune System Dysfunction: In PsA, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joints and skin, leading to inflammation.
• Environmental Triggers: Factors like infections, stress, or physical trauma may trigger or worsen symptoms.
• Link with Psoriasis: Having psoriasis, especially with nail involvement, significantly raises your risk.

Diagnosis of Psoriatic Arthritis

Diagnosing psoriatic arthritis involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional. Here’s what to expect:

• Physical Examination: A doctor will assess your joints for swelling, redness, and tenderness.
• Medical History: You’ll be asked about symptoms, family history of psoriasis or arthritis, and any previous diagnoses.
• Blood Tests: These tests help detect inflammation markers and rule out other forms of arthritis, like rheumatoid arthritis.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays, ultrasounds, or MRIs can be used to look for joint damage or inflammation.
• Exclusion of Other Conditions: Other types of arthritis, like gout or osteoarthritis, are ruled out during the diagnostic process.

Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis

While there’s no cure for psoriatic arthritis, the following treatments can help control symptoms and improve quality of life:

Medications

• NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce pain and reduce inflammation.
• DMARDs: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs slow disease progression and prevent joint damage.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to maintain joint function, reduce stiffness, and improve mobility.

Lifestyle Changes

• Regular exercise strengthens muscles and reduces joint strain.
• Maintaining a healthy weight eases pressure on joints.

Surgery

In severe cases, joint replacement surgery may be necessary.

Complications of Psoriatic Arthritis

Without proper management, psoriatic arthritis can lead to serious complications:

• Joint Damage and Deformities: Chronic inflammation can cause permanent joint damage.
• Reduced Range of Motion: Stiffness and swelling can limit movement over time.
• Eye Inflammation (Uveitis): A potentially serious condition requiring prompt treatment.
• Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation associated with PsA can increase heart disease risk.
• Osteoporosis: Bone thinning is more likely with chronic inflammation.

Risk Factors for Psoriatic Arthritis

Several factors can increase your risk of developing PsA, including:

• Family history of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis.
• Having psoriasis, especially with nail involvement.
• Being between 30 and 50 years old.
• Obesity, which increases inflammation and joint strain.

Prevention of Psoriatic Arthritis

While psoriatic arthritis can’t always be prevented, certain steps may help reduce your risk or severity:

• Treat psoriasis early to prevent progression.
• Maintain a healthy weight and an active lifestyle.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol.
• Practice stress management techniques, like meditation or yoga.
• Stay consistent with regular exercise to keep joints healthy.

Outlook

With early diagnosis and proper management, many people with psoriatic arthritis lead active and fulfilling lives. Regular check-ups, medication, and lifestyle changes play a significant role in improving symptoms and preventing complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can psoriatic arthritis affect children?

Yes, while rare, psoriatic arthritis can develop in children, a condition known as juvenile psoriatic arthritis.

2. Is there a cure for psoriatic arthritis?

There’s no cure, but treatments can effectively manage symptoms and prevent joint damage.

3. Is psoriatic arthritis hereditary?

A family history of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis increases the likelihood of developing the condition.

4. What lifestyle changes can help manage psoriatic arthritis?

Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, and avoiding smoking can help manage symptoms.

5. Are there any specific diets recommended for people with psoriatic arthritis?

An anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids may benefit PsA patients.

6. Can psoriatic arthritis affect mobility?

Yes, if untreated, joint damage and stiffness can significantly impact mobility.

7. Can psoriatic arthritis go into remission?

Yes, with effective treatment, many patients experience periods of remission with minimal symptoms.

8. How does stress affect psoriatic arthritis?

Stress can trigger or worsen flare-ups, so managing stress is crucial for symptom control.

9. What is the best doctor to see for psoriatic arthritis?

A rheumatologist specialises in autoimmune and joint diseases like psoriatic arthritis.

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