Asthma Treatment in Delhi, India

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult for air to move in and out of the lungs. This leads to repeated episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The condition varies in severity from person to person, some may experience mild and occasional symptoms, while others may face persistent or life-threatening flare-ups requiring immediate medical attention.

Asthma affects people of all ages, but it often begins in childhood. It is a long-term condition that cannot be completely cured, but with proper management and treatment, most individuals can lead a normal, active life. Asthma symptoms can be triggered by allergens, respiratory infections, pollutants, weather changes, exercise, or stress. Effective asthma management focuses on reducing airway inflammation, avoiding triggers, and using medications to prevent and control symptoms.

Understanding asthma, its causes, triggers, and treatment options enables individuals to manage the disease effectively and prevent severe attacks. Early diagnosis, consistent follow-ups with healthcare professionals, and adherence to treatment plans significantly improve quality of life for asthma patients.

Types of Asthma

Asthma presents in several forms depending on its triggers, severity, and underlying causes. The major types include:

1. Allergic (Extrinsic) Asthma

Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold, and certain foods. It is commonly associated with other allergic conditions like eczema or allergic rhinitis.

2. Non-Allergic (Intrinsic) Asthma

Not related to allergens. Triggered by factors such as infections, strong emotions, cold air, or environmental pollutants.

3. Exercise-Induced Asthma (EIA)

Symptoms occur during or after physical activity due to airway narrowing triggered by rapid breathing, dry air, or cold temperatures.

4. Occupational Asthma

Caused by exposure to chemicals, fumes, dust, or other irritants in the workplace. Common in factory workers, painters, cleaners, and agricultural workers.

5. Nocturnal Asthma

Symptoms worsen at night due to hormonal changes, lying down, allergens in the bedroom, or cooling of the airways.

6. Severe Asthma

A less common form that does not respond well to standard treatments and requires advanced therapies like biologics.

Symptoms of Asthma

Asthma symptoms can vary depending on age, environmental exposure, and severity. They may occur occasionally or persistently.

Common Symptoms of Asthma

• Wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing)
• Persistent coughing, especially at night or early morning
• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness or pressure
• Difficulty breathing during exercise

Severe Asthma Symptoms

• Extreme difficulty breathing
• Rapid worsening of symptoms
• Cyanosis (bluish lips or fingernails)
• Inability to speak full sentences
• Needing quick-relief inhaler more frequently
• Signs of exhaustion during breathing

Causes of Asthma

Asthma is caused by inflammation and hypersensitivity of the airways. While the exact cause is not fully understood, several factors are known to contribute:

• Genetics: A family history of asthma or allergies increases the risk of developing asthma.

• Environmental Exposure: Exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, industrial chemicals, and strong odors may trigger asthma development or worsen existing symptoms.

• Allergies: Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, dust mites, or food allergens contribute significantly to asthma onset.

• Respiratory Infections: Viral infections, especially in early childhood, can lead to long-term airway sensitivity.

• Immune System Factors: Overactive immune responses or immune system imbalance can increase inflammation in the airways.

Diagnosis of Asthma

Diagnosing asthma involves a combination of clinical assessment, lung function testing, and evaluation of medical history. A physician begins by reviewing symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and frequency of respiratory difficulties. They also examine potential triggers, family history of allergies, and past respiratory infections.

A physical examination is performed to listen for wheezing or signs of airway obstruction. Lung function tests play a crucial role in confirming asthma. Spirometry is the primary test, measuring how much air a person can exhale and how quickly. A reduced airflow suggests airway narrowing typical of asthma. Bronchodilator reversibility tests are also used, if airflow improves after using an inhaler, asthma is likely.

Additional tests include:

• Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) monitoring, which helps track daily changes in breathing capacity.
• Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) tests measure airway inflammation, often elevated in asthma patients.
• Chest X-rays and allergy tests may be recommended to rule out other conditions or identify specific triggers.

Early and accurate diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment, prevents severe attacks, and minimises long-term lung damage. Regular follow-ups allow clinicians to adjust medication and keep symptoms under control.

Treatment for Asthma

Asthma treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, controlling symptoms, and preventing flare-ups. Treatment plans are individualised based on severity and frequency of symptoms.

Medications

Asthma medications fall into two main categories:

• Controller (Long-Term) Medications: These include inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs), leukotriene modifiers, and biologic therapies. They help reduce airway inflammation and prevent symptoms.
• Reliever (Quick-Relief) Medications: Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) offer fast relief during an asthma attack by relaxing airway muscles. Oral or intravenous corticosteroids may be used during severe attacks.

Inhaler Devices

Metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulisers deliver medication directly to the airways for faster action and fewer side effects.

Lifestyle and Home Management

Avoiding triggers, maintaining good air quality, quitting smoking, and practicing breathing exercises help control symptoms. Asthma action plans guide patients on when to use medications or seek urgent care.

Advanced Therapies

Severe asthma may require biologics that target specific inflammatory pathways or immunotherapy to reduce allergic reactions.

With proper treatment and regular monitoring, most individuals can manage asthma effectively and lead active lives.

Prevention of Asthma

While asthma cannot always be prevented, many strategies can reduce the risk of developing it or prevent flare-ups:

• Avoid exposure to allergens (dust mites, pet dander, mold).
• Reduce exposure to air pollution and tobacco smoke.
• Maintain good indoor air quality using air purifiers.
• Follow vaccination schedules to prevent respiratory infections.
• Maintain a healthy weight and active lifestyle.
• Identify and manage early symptoms to prevent worsening.

Risk Factors for Asthma

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing asthma:

• Family history of asthma or allergies
• Occupational exposure to dust, fumes, or chemicals
• Smoking or secondhand smoke exposure
• Childhood respiratory infections
• Living in polluted urban environments
• Obesity, which can affect lung function
• Seasonal allergies or chronic sinusitis

Complications of Asthma

Without proper management, asthma can lead to:

• Frequent or severe asthma attacks
• Respiratory failure in extreme cases
• Decline in lung function over time
• Increased risk of pneumonia
• Interference with daily activities and sleep
• Side effects from long-term medication use

Why Choose BLK-Max Hospital for Asthma Care

• Advanced treatment options for mild, moderate, and severe asthma
• Experienced pulmonologists specialising in respiratory care
• Personalised asthma action plans for long-term management
• Multidisciplinary team including respiratory therapists and allergy specialists
• Emergency care available for severe asthma attacks

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the early signs of Asthma?

Early signs include coughing, tightness in the chest, wheezing, and shortness of breath, especially during exercise or at night.

2. What kind of doctor is best for asthma?

A pulmonologist specialises in treating asthma, though allergists also play a key role for allergy-related asthma.

3. What is the new treatment for asthma?

Newer treatments include biologic therapies such as omalizumab, mepolizumab, and benralizumab for severe asthma.

4. Can Asthma be cured?

No, asthma cannot be cured, but it can be effectively managed with medications and lifestyle modifications.

5. How can I prevent asthma attacks?

Avoid triggers, use prescribed medications regularly, monitor symptoms, and follow an asthma action plan.

6. Is Asthma hereditary?

Yes, a family history of asthma or allergies increases the likelihood of developing asthma.

7. Can exercise make my asthma worse?

Exercise can trigger symptoms in some individuals, but proper warm-up, medications, and controlled breathing techniques allow most people to exercise safely.

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