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Bradycardia Explained: What You Need to Know About Slow Heart Rate

By Dr. T. S. Kler in Heart & Vascular Institute

Feb 06 , 2025 | 4 min read

Bradycardia is a condition characterised by a slower than normal heart rate. Individuals with bradycardia typically have rates lower than 60 beats per minute. A slow heart rate isn’t always a problem. Athletes often have slower heartbeats because their hearts work more efficiently. But for some, bradycardia can mean the heart isn’t pumping enough blood to the body. Symptoms often include fatigue, weakness, and even fainting, signalling the heart's reduced ability to pump oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.

The heart’s rhythm isn’t just about numbers; it’s about keeping your body functioning. If it’s too slow, organs might not get the oxygen they need. This makes recognising and addressing bradycardia important for your overall health.

Bradycardia Causes

Bradycardia has many causes. One common reason is ageing, as the heart’s electrical system may weaken over time. Heart diseases, such as coronary artery disease or a previous heart attack, can also lead to a slow heartbeat. Hormonal imbalances, like hypothyroidism, may affect heart rate as well. Certain medications can slow the heart rate too.

Symptoms of Bradycardia

Not everyone with bradycardia will notice symptoms, especially if the heart rate is only slightly slow. But when it becomes more pronounced, symptoms often include:

Fatigue or Weakness: The body doesn’t get enough oxygenated blood, leaving you drained.
Dizziness: This can happen if the brain doesn’t get enough blood.
Shortness of Breath: Physical activities might feel more difficult.
Fainting: Severe cases can cause a temporary loss of consciousness.

Symptoms may vary depending on how slow the heart rate is and how much it affects your body. Recognising these signs early can make treatment easier and more effective.

Types of Bradycardia

Bradycardia isn’t the same for everyone. It comes in different types based on where the issue lies in the heart’s electrical system.

Sinus Bradycardia: This is when the sinus node, which acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker, slows down. It’s common in athletes or during rest but could signal a problem if it happens too often or at inappropriate times.
Atrioventricular (AV) Block: Electrical signals from the upper to lower heart chambers are delayed or blocked. This can range from mild to severe.
Sick Sinus Syndrome: A faulty sinus node causes irregular rhythms, alternating between being too slow and too fast.

Identifying the type helps doctors decide the right course of treatment.

Diagnosis of Bradycardia

Diagnosing bradycardia starts with understanding your symptoms. A doctor will perform a physical exam and check your pulse. But for a deeper look, tools like these are often used:

Electrocardiogram (ECG): This measures the heart’s electrical activity to spot irregular rhythms.
Holter Monitor: A portable device that records heart activity over 24 to 48 hours to identify patterns.
Imaging Tests: An echocardiogram or MRI can help find structural issues in the heart.
Blood Tests: These help rule out other problems like thyroid imbalances or infections.

Catching bradycardia early means fewer complications later on.

Learn more about the Angiography Procedure in Delhi and related cardiac care services.

Bradycardia Treatment and Management

Treatment depends on what’s causing the slow heart rate and whether it’s affecting your daily life.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Sometimes, small changes make a big impact. Regular exercise, eating a heart-healthy diet, and managing stress can all support heart health. If medication is the issue, your doctor may adjust the dosage.

Medications

For temporary fixes can raise the heart rate. However, these are often short-term solutions while doctors plan further treatment.

Pacemaker Surgery

In severe cases, a pacemaker may be needed. This small device monitors and adjusts your heart rate as needed. Advances in technology mean pacemakers are more efficient and less invasive than ever before.

Risks and Complications of Bradycardia

Bradycardia isn’t always dangerous, but when untreated, it can lead to serious complications:

Heart Failure: A slow heart rate over time can weaken the heart muscle.
Stroke: Blood pooling due to an irregular rhythm can form clots, leading to strokes.
Fainting Episodes: These can cause injuries or accidents, particularly in older adults.

Knowing the risks helps you stay proactive about monitoring and treatment.

Prevention of Bradycardia

While you can’t always prevent bradycardia, especially if it’s genetic or age-related, there are steps you can take to lower the risk:

Healthy Habits: Exercise regularly, avoid smoking, and eat a balanced diet rich in heart-healthy nutrients.
Monitor Heart Health: Routine check-ups can catch early signs of bradycardia or related issues.
Medications: Be cautious with medicines that can slow the heart rate. Always consult your doctor if you notice side effects.

When to Seek Medical Attention

It’s easy to ignore symptoms like fatigue or dizziness, chalking them up to a busy schedule or lack of sleep. But if these symptoms persist or worsen, it’s time to see a cardiologist. Warning signs include:

Severe Chest Pain: Especially if paired with shortness of breath.
Fainting or Collapsing: These can indicate a significant drop in blood flow.
Irregular Heartbeats: If you notice a steady pattern of unusual rhythms.

Conclusion

Bradycardia might sound intimidating, but with the right knowledge and care, it’s manageable. If you suspect you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of bradycardia, or if there's a history of heart issues, don't delay in reaching out to a healthcare provider.

At BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, we specialise in diagnosing and treating heart conditions. If you’re concerned about your heart rate or experiencing symptoms, reach out to us today.