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A thrombus (clot) formed in the blood vessel or heart breaks loose and is carried by the bloodstream to plug in another blood vessel and blocks it, called a thromboembolism. It is dangerous as it can affect multiple organs like lungs, brain, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, or legs. It can cause disease (morbidity) or death (mortality).
Blood Vessels
Anticoagulants or blood thinners reduce the clotting ability of the blood. Anticoagulants can cause bleeding, so they must be monitored to prevent bleeding.
Some injectable anticoagulants are:
Some oral anticoagulants are:
Warfarin
No AC3: Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban.
There are two types of thromboembolism.
The symptoms of DVT can be similar to that of hematoma, lymphedema, cellulitis, and arterial insufficiency,
Patients with PE can have a differential diagnosis- Congestive heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, and myocardial infarction. So to evaluate PE, an assessment must be done to rule out the above conditions.
The expected outcome of thromboembolic disease often depends on the present type. For many conditions, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, it is essential to treat the condition immediately to avoid severe complications and even death.
Depending on the comorbidities, the mortality rate varies. In the first 30 days, patients with acute VTE and have multiple comorbidities, including heart failure and atrial fibrillation, have a high mortality rate (4.5%) when hospitalized. Patients with unstable PE have reported a mortality rate of 14%.
When a platelet and fibrin clot is formed within the vascular lumen, Venous thrombosis, the clinical formation of thrombi, is seen in vessels with large lumens having deep veins like that of the arms, legs, and pelvis. There is propagation with the proximal extension of the clot. Clinical symptoms are visible when the clot propagates such that it obstructs vascular flow. When the clot dislodges, it can embolize to a distant site. The pulmonary vasculature is the most common site. Pulmonary vascular flow, if obstructed, can cause impaired gas exchange, alveolar edema, or even pulmonary alveolar necrosis. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension are seen in chronic repetitive pulmonary embolization. In the cardiac abnormalities, paradoxical embolism of the clot occurs in systemic arterial vascular tree may cause CVA.
The blood flow can be hindered in both veins and arteries by thrombosis. Stroke, heart attack, and breathing issues are the most severe problems.
If you are facing any similar signs or symptoms please contact the BLK-Max team to schedule an appointment at : +91-11-30403040
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