Pediatric urology is a sub-speciality of Urology that involves management of genital and urinary problems that occur in children. These problems have a special emphasis on the development of problems affecting the kidneys, bladder, urethra or genital tract of children both boys and girls ranging from birth to early adult age. 

Some of the major urological conditions that develop in children are:

• Kidney stones
• Hernias
• Bladder exstrophy
• Cloacal anomalies
• Testicular tumours
• Undescended testicles
• Congenital renal abnormalities
• Hydronephrosis (detection of kidney dilation, prenatally or in childhood)
• Hypospadias (urine passage ending short)
• Intersex (abnormal or incomplete development of the genital organs)
• Neurogenic bladder from spinal cord lesions ( myelomeningocele)
• Rhabdomyosarcoma of the genitourinary system
• Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (urine passage via kidney is blocked)
• Vesicoureteral reflux (urine coming back from the bladder toward the kidneys)
• Wilms tumour or other kidney tumours in kids

Pediatric Urology Services at BLK-Max provides an array of noninvasive, minimally invasive and surgical procedures for treating urologic abnormalities in children. Some of the major treatment services available include:

• Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation: It is a procedure where a device is implanted to treat moderate to severe conditions related to stress urinary incontinence that restricts the urine flow.
• Bladder Reconstruction: It is a surgical procedure to construct a new bladder, generally performed after bladder removal surgery (cystectomy). A surgeon creates a new way for urine to exit your body.
• Cystoscopy: The process to examine the lining of the bladder for any complications. 
• Deflux Procedure: Deflux procedure is a non-invasive way of injecting sterilized, biodegradable gel called Deflux into the bladder wall to treat vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). 
• Drug Therapy: Also called pharmacotherapy, is a general term used for the medication to treat disease.
• Endourologic Surgery: It is a minimally invasive technique used to treat kidney stones. 
• Genitoplasty/Vaginoplasty:  It is a reconstructive plastic surgery performed over genitals to repair injuries, and damage arising from cancer treatment, or endocrine conditions, repair injuries, and damage arising from cancer treatment, or congenital disorders, endocrine conditions.
• Laparoscopic Surgery: It is a MIS perform in the abdominal (belly) area to treat various paediatric urological conditions.
• Penile And Urethral Reconstruction: It is reconstructive surgery performed to repair the injured or defective parts within the walls of the urethra.
• Robotic Surgery: Robotic surgery is an advanced way to perform urological surgery using a robotic arm.
• Ureteral Reimplantation: It is a surgery performed to treat a condition in which urine from the bladder is able to flow back up into the kidneys.

If you notice that your child is suffering from any of the symptoms below and is even not responding to the medication. Then it becomes important to visit a paediatric urologist to look for any urological complication. The symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain 
• Abdominal mass
• Blood in the urine
• Vomiting
• Failure to thrive
• Dysuria (burning on urination)
• Frequent and urgent urination
• Foul smelling
• Cloudy urine
• Incontinence (bed wetting episodes); and fever. 
• Daytime Wetting
• Genital birth defects

Some of the major risk factors associated with paediatric urological treatment involve: 
Infection (pyelonephritis) 

• Scarring 
• Hypertension
• Proteinuria
• Excessive bleeding
• Infection at the site of the incision
• Injury to adjacent organs
• Blood clots
• Fevers or chills
• Abdominal inflammation
• Adverse reactions to anaesthesia