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A medical procedure involving ablation (removal) of a layer/layers of tissue is known as ablative surgery. Ablation can be performed in many ways including surgery, hormones, drugs, radiofrequency, heat, or other methods. The prime objective of this surgery is to remove all visible tumors and/or malignant or genetically defective hematopoietic cells along with a clear margin of healthy tissues surrounding the tumor. Ablative surgical procedures are the important choice of treatments in the neurological armamentarium.
Lesioning (in neurological surgeries), maze surgery (in cardiac cases)
The brain, heart, or liver
Ablative surgery is performed through surgery, diathermy, cryotherapy, or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy. Generally, ablative procedures involve minimally invasive procedures, which may be performed without open surgery. Tissues can be destroyed by freezing them with cold liquids (cryotherapy) or applying hot liquids to the affected area (diathermy). Commonly used methods for ablative surgery include:
The surgical procedure is performed on an empty stomach and the surgeon decides the length of fasting depending on the type of procedure followed.
Depending on the type of procedure many hours or overnight hospitalization can be needed. In the case of a local anesthetic procedure, the patient can be allowed to go home in a few hours.
The recovery period varies depending on the type of procedure performed during ablation and underlying condition too. In cases of neurological and cardiac ablative surgical procedures, the recovery time is usually more and the surgeon may suggest a longer hospital stay for observation and the patient may be watched for various post-surgical complications. Strenuous activities are strictly avoided to ensure a healthy recovery. If the patient experiences symptoms such as high fever, excessive bleeding, vomiting, pain, or any other unusual symptoms, then immediate medical care is required.
The risks of ablation therapy vary depending on the type of procedure and severity of the underlying conditions. The surgeon may watch out for the following post-surgical complications:
The recovery time for an ablative surgery depends on the type of procedure followed and the severity of the conditions underlying. A brain or cardiac ablative surgery involves a longer recovery period in comparison to the ablative surgery of other regions. For procedures such as urethral or venous ablations, the patient is likely to be sent home on the same day as it involves the least chances of risks and complications.
Certain signs during recovery can indicate that you need immediate medical assistance, which includes excess bleeding, shortness of breath, swelling, numbness at the site of operation, fever, inability to keep fluids down in terms of bladder ablation, or increased vaginal discharge in case of endometrial ablations. Taking care of post-surgical wounds is equally important for a good recovery. To sum up, Ablative surgical procedures are generally simple procedures with a brief hospital stay and a short recovery process. The key to progressive recovery is an apt rest for a few days before resuming back to normal activities.
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