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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation is a treatment that involves the intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells to revive the production of blood cells in patients whose bone marrow is damaged or defective. Stem cells can be obtained from the blood, bone marrow, and umbilical blood of the patients or from a donor.
This treatment has been used to treat certain types of cancers such as myeloma, leukemia, and some immune system disorders.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation is also known as bone marrow transplant.
Bone marrow is a soft tissue in the body that contains hematopoietic stem cells, and it is located in the center of most bones.
There are two types of bone marrow transplant:
There are specific tests that need to be conducted before a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, such as a blood test, chest X-ray, bone marrow biopsy, heart tests, and PET scan.
The hospital's transplant team will decide if the patient needs to be hospitalized or if the procedure will be done in an outpatient center. If the patient has to be hospitalized, they will come in the day before the pre-transplant chemo treatment begins. The patient has to make sure that a close family member is with them all the time.
No fast food or food from restaurants is allowed before the procedure. The patient should eat fresh fruits and vegetables only, after rinsing them under clean running water.
It is not a surgical procedure, and is similar to a blood transfusion.
The recovery stage begins after the stem cell infusion. The patient has to stay in the hospital for a few weeks and allow the stem cells to settle in the bone marrow. The patients should avoid strenuous exercise and give the new cells time to implant themselves in the healing tissues.
The stem cell transplant process does not end after the patient goes home, since there is a risk of infection. The patient will feel tired and will also be required to take a lot of medicines. It is essential to give them proper support for their speedy recovery.
It takes a lot of time to recover from a bone marrow transplant. The patient might take 6-12 months to have a normal immune system. It is possible to develop an infection after the procedure, but the patient must get a long-term recovery plan from the doctor to avoid any complications.
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