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Nephrologist: Everything You Need to Know

By Dr. Sunil Prakash in Centre For Renal Sciences & Kidney Transplant

Feb 10 , 2025 | 5 min read

Kidneys are the body's natural filtration system, removing waste and regulating fluid balance. When they falter, a nephrologist steps in, diagnosing and treating conditions that range from chronic kidney disease. Considering that about 10% of the global population is affected by some form of kidney disease, understanding the work of nephrologists is more important than ever.

The services of a nephrologist are crucial for anyone suffering from symptoms like swelling, alteration in urine output, or high blood pressure. Such symptoms are often missed until they become severe and the ability of a nephrologist to diagnose them early can mean the difference between a good life and total renal failure, thus underlining the importance of awareness of kidney health and regular check-ups.

What is a Nephrologist?

A nephrologist is a doctor who specialises in the care and treatment of kidney diseases. They are well trained in internal medicine, but also receive further training to specialise in the treatment of patients with kidney diseases.

Why See a Nephrologist?

Usually, a nephrologist is referred to the patient when a problem of kidney disease is suspected or other complex conditions such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and other conditions affecting the kidneys. They also handle the care of patients with a need for kidney replacement therapy, for example, kidney dialysis patients and transplant patients.

List of Diseases Treated by a Nephrologist

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Acute Kidney Failure
Kidney Stones
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic Syndrome
Hypertensive Nephropathy
Diabetic Nephropathy
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Urinary Tract Infections (Recurrent & Severe Cases)
Electrolyte Imbalances
Renal Artery Stenosis
Lupus Nephritis
Pyelonephritis
Interstitial Nephritis

List Surgeries and Treatment Procedures Performed by Nephrologist

Dialysis (Hemodialysis & Peritoneal Dialysis)
Kidney Biopsy
Kidney Transplant
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
Plasmapheresis
AV Fistula & Graft Placement for Dialysis
Catheter Placement for Dialysis
Management of Electrolyte Imbalances
Blood Pressure Management for Kidney Disease
Medication Therapy for Kidney Disorders
Fluid Management Therapy
Nephrostomy Tube Placement
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Radical Nephrectomy
Shockwave Lithotripsy
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)

Common Conditions Treated by a Nephrologist

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Nephrologists manage Chronic Kidney Disease by slowing its progression and controlling the underlying cause. They monitor the patient's kidney function and adjust treatments as necessary to delay or prevent end-stage renal disease.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Acute Kidney Injury involves sudden damage to the kidneys, often caused by a serious illness, injury, or certain medications. Nephrologists intervene with treatments that may include adjustments in medications, fluid management, and sometimes dialysis.

Kidney Stones

For patients with kidney stones, nephrologists can offer treatments that may include medication, dietary recommendations, or procedures to break down or remove stones, depending on their size and location.

Dialysis and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

In cases of severe chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys no longer function sufficiently to keep a person healthy, nephrologists manage dialysis treatments or prepare patients for potential kidney transplants.

Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures Performed by a Nephrologist

Blood Tests (Creatinine, BUN, GFR)

These tests assess kidney function by measuring creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which indicates how well the kidneys are filtering waste from the blood.

Urinalysis and Urine Tests

Urinalysis helps detect signs of kidney disease and monitor its progression. It involves testing for protein, blood, and other substances in the urine.

Kidney Biopsy

In some cases, a nephrologist may perform a biopsy to extract small samples of kidney tissue for lab analysis to diagnose the type of kidney disease and determine the most effective treatment.

When Should You Visit a Nephrologist?

Symptoms Indicating Kidney Problems

Symptoms that might necessitate a visit to a nephrologist include persistent swelling (edema), fatigue, difficulty concentrating, changes in urine output, or high blood pressure.

Book an Appointment with Paediatric Nephrologists

Referral from a Primary Care Physician

Often, patients are referred by a physician to a nephrologist when routine tests show chronic or acute problems with kidney functions or when persistent symptoms suggest an underlying kidney issue.

Nephrologist vs Urologist: What’s the Difference?

Specialisations of a Nephrologist

Nephrologists specialise in the medical treatment of kidney diseases and managing systemic repercussions of kidney dysfunction.

Specialisations of a Urologist

Urologists are surgical specialists who treat diseases of the urinary tract and male reproductive organs, including cancers, stones, and other urinary disorders. If you see urinary tract related symptoms, consult with an urologist.

Treatment Plans Offered by a Nephrologist

Medication Management

Nephrologists prescribe medications to manage symptoms of kidney disease, such as high blood pressure, swelling, and proteinuria.

Dialysis

They manage hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatments, which are life-sustaining for patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Kidney Transplant

Nephrologists also play a critical role in the care of kidney transplant recipients, managing their immunosuppressive therapy and monitoring for complications.

How to Choose the Right Nephrologist

Consider Specialisation and Experience

When selecting a nephrologist, it’s crucial to choose one with specific experience in treating your particular kidney condition.

Patient Reviews and Recommendations

Evaluating reviews and seeking recommendations from other healthcare providers or patients can be helpful in choosing a nephrologist who is well-respected and effective.

Conclusion

Seeing a nephrologist is vital for anyone dealing with significant kidney issues. At BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, we provide comprehensive care for all types of kidney conditions. Our nephrologists are dedicated to ensuring you receive the best possible care tailored to your specific needs. If you're experiencing symptoms or have been diagnosed with a kidney condition, contact us to schedule an appointment and receive expert care for your kidneys.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What does a nephrologist do on the first visit?

You are evaluated by a nephrologist during your first visit. They review your medical history, perform a physical examination, and send blood and urine tests for an assessment of the condition of your kidneys. All these help in establishing the baseline of kidney health, so further diagnostics or treatment may be planned.

2. What diseases does a nephrologist treat?

Nephrologists treat various kidney disorders, including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, kidney stones, hypertension related to kidney problems, and end-stage renal disease. They also manage dialysis care and prepare patients for kidney transplantation.

3. What is the difference between a nephrologist and a urologist?

A nephrologist focuses on kidney function and treats medical conditions affecting the kidneys. In contrast, a urologist handles surgical procedures related to the urinary system and male reproductive organs, treating a broader range of conditions like cancers, incontinence, and infections.

4. When should you see a nephrologist for kidney issues?

You should see a nephrologist if you are faced with symptoms like leg or ankle swelling, alteration in urine colour or output, high BP, or if you have a family history of kidney disease. Early intervention can lead to better management of kidney issues.

5. How do nephrologists diagnose kidney disease?

Nephrologists use blood and urine tests to check for markers such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and proteinuria. Imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans are also used to visualise the kidneys and urinary tract for any structural abnormalities. A kidney biopsy may be performed for a definitive diagnosis.